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frequently the animals groom their

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wounds and for what period of time and

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then total grooming overall as well the

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frequency of that and the duration

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this is lisa if you don't know what a

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bush baby looks like

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lisa was in our study she ended up being

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in the prayer group and i have a picture

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here of a wound you can see on her left

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paw it was a fairly minor wound some of

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them can really get um quite large but

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you can see the fur is lost and the skin

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is abraded

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measures were assessed at baseline and

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end of study blood samples were used for

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the physiological measures

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all blood samples were taken in the

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morning between 7 and 9 30 a.m

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cortisol measures we had to get got

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we had to have gotten the cortisol

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within three minutes of the animal

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capture to control for artificial

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inflation of cortisol secondary to the

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stress of being captured in their cage

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and being brought into the lab

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i stratified the wounds by wound

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severity so we'll be looking at the more

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minor wounds mild to moderate and wounds

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that were more severe of moderate to

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severe severity

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procedure animal the trial was double

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blind it was someone uninvolved with the

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study that randomized the animals dealt

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with the intercessors

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all animals were treated for

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self-injurious behavior so they all

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received oral l-tryptophan to try to

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help with their condition

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there were two groups the animals who

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were receiving prayer and tryptophan and

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our usual care or tryptophan only group

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they received the tryptophan daily

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crushed in

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yogurt and fed before their meal time

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the ip was coincident with the first day

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of tryptophan administration and the

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prayer continued for four weeks

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the intercessors were self-identified as

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christian they all engaged in a regular

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prayer practice

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they all had prior experience with

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praying for healing from a distance it

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was important to me to try to capture as

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many intercessors who had prior clinical

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trial prayer experience and most of the

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intercessors in fact did

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all held the belief that god wants all

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creatures healthy and whole it was i

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learned a great deal from this study in

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many levels and one was

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the number of christian intercessors who

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would not pray for animals uh believing

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that god would only want people to be

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healthy and whole so um i i

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i found them there are those of us who

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uh hold that belief

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and prayer was provided daily during the

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four-week time frame

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the intercessors only received the

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animal's names so they would have

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received a list that was lisa shawn

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daryl felix and so on that's all they

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received there were intercessors who

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didn't even know what a bush baby looked

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like

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they were asked to pray daily within the

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specific study dates i provided them

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with no feedback in terms of the

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animal's progress

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they were told what the bush babies

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looked like so that they could have

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an image in their mind

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and desired outcomes i opted for

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directed prayer but did not control to

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check to see whether or not the

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intercessors actually followed the

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specific direction so they were asked to

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pray for effectiveness of the medication

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that the behaviors become more calm and

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non-stressed and that the wounds healed

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um took a look by ancova at wound immune

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and cortisol variables controlling for

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age because of the changes in the immune

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system as one ages it becomes less

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effective and mancoba to take a look at

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the red blood cell variables and

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behavioral variables by t-test here's a

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snapshot of the ip or the intercessory

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prayer in the non-prayer group

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by gender age was comparable as well

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and let's move into some of the goodies

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here

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like i have this divided up in three

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ways so you'll see this is for both

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groups intercessory prayer

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non-intercessory prayer ip1 and nip1 are

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the mild to moderate wounds and when you

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see ip2 and nip2 those are the more

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significant wounds that the animals had

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there was no significant difference at

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baseline we can see that in fact the

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wounds are relatively comparable across

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both groups although there was a fairly

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significant standard deviation that was

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accounted for

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by the animals that were down here the

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wounds were quite different in the mild

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to moderate group much smaller

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much less significant

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and here's a picture of the wound area

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at baseline so that we see the prayer

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groups are on the left

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no prayer are going to be sitting on the

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right on the graphs that i have and

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there's about three quarters of a

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centimeter difference in the mild to

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moderate animals

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here we've got maybe a centimeter and a

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half that's uh different between those

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two groups at baseline

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the only significant variable

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no differences in behavior wound area

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and so on the only significant

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physiological variable had to do with

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monocytes

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and they were significantly lower in the

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end of study so what happened after four

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weeks of praying to the wounds i've

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included the baseline data in orange

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here so we can see if we take a look at

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the ip group off the bat it dropped from

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a little over 10 centimeters to not

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quite two with a standard deviation

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that's markedly different from where we

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were at baseline we actually see in the

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prayer that would the group that did not

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receive prayer that although the overall

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size of the um

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well the wounds and the standard

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deviation went down somewhat thank you

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i'll move through this fairly quickly

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i'm down to five minutes here so what we

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see happening is that the biggest change

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is in the animals with the more severe

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wounds where we had three quarters of a

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centimeter difference there we're down

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to about one and a half

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but here we're down to not quite three

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centimeters down from 20 centimeters and

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change

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so

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um a significant difference i'm going to

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move through relatively quickly so that

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you can see all the graphs a significant

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difference in the end of wound area

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here's what happened remembering the

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graphs at baseline we see that this is

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changed

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decreased

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in the less severe group and markedly in

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the more severe group

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we also had significant differences in

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terms of red blood cell

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data everything was significant what

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happened in red blood cells increased in

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the prayed for group they decreased in

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the group that did not receive prayer

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we saw hemoglobin increased in the group

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that was prayed for

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slight increase in the no prayer group

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hematocrit also increased in the prayer

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group less so in the group with no

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prayer what happened to the blood cells

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themselves again significant differences

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other than the concentration was

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approaching significance the mchc the

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other variables were significant

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interestingly the size of the corpuscle

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decreased in the group that was prayed

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for slightly where it increased in the

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group that was not prayed for so we have

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smaller red blood cells there was a

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consequent change in terms of the amount

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of hemoglobin concentration with an

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increase in the prayer group

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the monocyte levels this was the only

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immune data that i had that changed

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remembering that the more severe animals

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at baseline were significantly lower

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they changed to become significantly

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greater here's what happened to the

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monocytes in that group this was

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i'm sorry i've got my

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here's where they were at baseline

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that's what happened at end of study

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so the animals that needed it the most

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got it where they needed it cortisol was

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not statistically significant but i

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present this data because it was a power

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issue clearly cortisol changed more in

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the direction we expected in the prayer

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for the prayer group than the non-prayer

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group

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although there was a decrease in

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cortisol in the animals that weren't uh

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prayed for what happened to grooming

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changes in the direction that we would

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expect the duration not the frequency of

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the number of times that the animals

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grew but the amount of time that they

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spent grooming their wounds was

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decreased significantly and the amount

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of time they spent overall grooming was

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significantly decreased and here's what

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those graphs

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so in summary the study supports ip

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induced improvements in wound healing

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the ip animals had greater reduction in

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wound area than the non-ip animals one

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of the strengths of the study is the

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convergent data that suggests that there

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are in fact pathways that would lead to

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the improved wound healing on the part

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of the animals to make some sense of the

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blood data when we see increased numbers

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of red blood cells hemoglobin and

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hematocrit that would support increased

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oxygenation which is critical to improve

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healing across time

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reduction in mean corpuscular volume

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hypothesis but perhaps that assisted

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with the extraction capability of being

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able to remove oxygen at the wound site

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by having somewhat smaller red blood

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cells

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in terms of the immunological changes

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there's some debate whether or not

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monocytes or macrophages once they live

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in tissue are important to wound healing

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there's some question in the animal

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literature but we'll air on the side

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that in fact they are the significant

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improvement in monocytes may have

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actually supported the dramatic increase

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seen in the more severe group that

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received prayer

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changes in grooming and a decrease in